Lithuanian
1. verbs
1.1. secondary
- Sihler p. 454
PIE | Ved. | Hit. | Lith. | Grk. | OLat. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1sg | -m | -m | -nun | -u | -n | -m |
-m̥ | -am | -un | -mi | -a | ||
2sg | -s | -s | -š | -si | -s | -s |
3sg | -t | -t | -t | -ø | -ø | -d |
1du | -wē̆ | -vā̆ | -va | |||
2du | -tom | -tam | -ta | -ton | ||
3du | -tām? | -tām | -tān | |||
1pl | -mē̆ | -mā̆ | -wen | -me | -men | -mos |
2pl | -te | -ta(na) | -ten | -te | -te | *-tes? |
3pl | -nt | -n(t) | -n | -nt | ||
-n̥t | -at | |||||
-r̥ | -ur | |||||
-ēr | -er | -ēre |
1.2. endings
- asmenų galūnės §523
- gen. pl. asmuo ‘person’
- nom. pl. galūnė ‘ending’
person | Lith. | active / reflexive | reconstr. | PIE | &c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1sg athem. | -mi | duo-mi / duo-mie-s | *míe < *-mei/-mai | -mi | Skt. ás-mi |
1sg them. | -u | neš-ù / neš-úo-si | *úo | -oh₂ | Lat. fer-ō |
2sg athem. | -si | -es-síe-gu? > eśiegu | *síe < *-sei/-sai | -si | Skt. háṃ-si |
2sg them. | -i | neš-ì / nes-íe-si | *íe < *ei | Grk. φέρε-ις | |
1pl | -me | nẽša-me / nẽša-mė-s | *mḗ | -me/o(s) | Ved. -mā̆ |
2pl | -te | nẽša-te / nẽša-tė-s | *tḗ | -te(s) | Grk. φέρε-τε |
1du | -va | nẽša-va / nẽša-vo-s | *vā́ | -we(s) | Skt. s-vas |
2du | -ta | nẽša-ta / nẽša-to-s | *tā́ | -th₂e(s)? | Skt. s-thas |
3sg athem. | -ti | duos-ti / duos-ti-s | *ti | -ti | Skt. ás-ti |
3sg them. | -ø | *t | -t | Lat. fer-t |
1.3. thematic
§534 et seqq.
number | vowel | example | paragraph |
---|---|---|---|
1 | a < *ŏ | dìrba, nẽša | §534, 5 |
2 | i | mýli, tìki | |
3 | o < *ā | rãšo, sãko |
1.4. athematic
§553
- PIE √bhū Lith. bū́ti.
- PIE √h₁ei Lith. eĩti.
- PIE √deh₃ Lith. dúoti.
- PIE √dheh₁ Lith. dė́ti.
person | bū́ti | eĩti | dúoti | dė́ti |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 sg | esmì / esù | einù / (eimì?) | dúomi < *dúod-mi | demì < *ded-mì Zink. §236 |
2 sg | esì | eisì | dúosi | desì |
3 | ẽsti / yrà | eĩti | dúosti < *dúod-ti | dẽsti < *dẽd-ti |
1 du | esvà | eivà | dúova | devà |
2 du | està | eità | dúosta | destà |
1 pl | esmè | eimè | dúome | demè |
2 pl | estè | eitè | dúoste | destè |